Common Types of Malware

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If you have a computer and have Internet service, you have probably heard about viruses, spyware and other types of harmful software and computer problems that you might be vulnerable to. In order to truly protect your computer, you need to know about malware, what it is, and how to avoid it.

Malware is a coverall term for every type of harmful program that could harm your computer or invade your privacy. Malware (combining the phrase "malicious software") comes in several forms:

*Computer viruses*
Although the proper definition of a virus is only those programs that replicate themselves after entering your computer (like a flu virus-hence the name), "computer virus" is typically used to describe all front door viruses. The characteristic "front door" describes how it enters the computer. The software clearly contains malicious code that can be detected with an antivirus scanner. Viruses are fairly easy to detect with a constantly running, constantly updated antivirus program. Since viruses and other "front door" malware, like Trojan horses and worms, are usually spread through email attachments, many email servers have a built in virus scanner. This is why you should avoid opening an attachment if you don't know what it is, even if it is from a friend or trusted company.

True viruses, as we mentioned earlier, will replicate and attack system files, personal files, etc., on your computer. Since they get bigger, they could eventually cause your computer to malfunction or crash. The front door malware that don't replicate are still dangerous, as they can hack into your personal information and use up system resources to run.

If your computer begins to run slowly, shut down by itself, or act suspiciously in any other manner, you might need to take it to a technician to check for viruses.

*Spyware and Adware
This type of malware is considered "back door" because it is not clearly detected by a scanner. These types of programs are disguised in or as a helpful, interesting, or necessary program, like a "computer cleaner" tool, a cool game, a free music player download, etc. Sometimes they even disguise themselves as antivirus or antispyware programs.

Spyware is usually downloaded by the user, usually as or a part of a free download. Once installed on your computer, spyware usually give access to hackers to "spy" on your computer, either by tracking the pages your surf or the keys you type. Even worse, some spyware can actually allow hackers to view documents and files on your computer, or use your system resources to send out spam and other malicious practices.

Adware is very similar, but it specifically means "advertising software." Although it is mostly harmless, it is annoying and can be somewhat invasive to privacy. Sometimes free downloads will clearly state that the adware is included in the package (and of course is overlooked by the user). Adware usually anonymously tracks browsing habits or your location to tailor spam and pop-ups to target your interests.

Spyware, adware, and other types of disguised "back door" intruders can often be avoided by choosing free downloads carefully (especially if they're just for fun) and downloading an antispyware program or a spyware scanner (make sure the program itself isn't just spyware!) to check for malicious activity. Also, having a good firewall constantly running will keep anyone from being able to infiltrate your computer with spyware.

Research online for more ways to avoid malware and how to identify it. Make sure you research any software programs on several reputable websites to see if they are legitimate before you download them.

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